A semen analysis is the first and most fundamental diagnostic test for evaluating male reproductive health and fertility potential. The sperm count, motility, and structural characteristics (morphology) in the semen sample are evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
Precautions to Take Before the Test
To ensure reliable and accurate test results, certain guidelines must be strictly followed:- Period of Sexual Abstinence: Sexual abstinence should be observed for 2 to 7 days (ideally 3–4 days) prior to the test. There should be absolutely no ejaculation during this period.
- Alcohol and Medication Use: Excessive alcohol consumption and the use of antibiotics in the days leading up to the test may affect the results.
- Sample Collection Conditions: The sample must be collected in our center’s special, comfortable andrology room without the use of any chemical substances (soap, gel, etc.).
“A single sperm test may not be sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. Since sperm production is constantly renewed, it is recommended to repeat the test at 3–4-week intervals in cases of uncertainty.”
Key Parameters Examined in a Sperm Analysis
| Parameter | Lower Reference Value | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Volume | ≥ 1.4 ml | Adequacy of Semen Volume |
| Sperm Concentration | ≥ 16 million / ml | Number of live cells per milliliter |
| Total Sperm Count | ≥ 39 million per ejaculate | Total sperm production |
| Total Motility | ≥ 42% | Ability to reach the egg |
| Progressive Forward Motility (PR) | ≥ 30% | Sperm swimming toward the target |
| Morphology (Kruger Strict) | ≥ 4% normal form | Head/neck structure determining fertilization capacity |
